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八年级上册英语知识点

展开全文

1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd

5 five fifth 5th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th

12 twelve twelfth 12th 20 twenty twentieth 20th

21 twenty-onetwenty-first 21st 22twenty-two twenty-second 22nd

23 twenty-threetwenty-third 23 rd

（二）序数词的用法

①作主语 e.g. The third of themonth was a holiday.

②作表语 e.g. Who was thethird?

③作定语 e.g. We live on thefifth floor.

④作宾语 e.g. I was among thefirst to learn of this.

⑤作同位语 e.g. Who is that man,the first in the front row?

⑥作状语 e.g. When did youfirst meet him?

注：序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the ；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a 或an时,则表示“再……", “又……"。

You can do it a second time. 你可以再做一次。

（三）特别提示

以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i, 再加-eth。

其他序数词的构成

(1)几十几及以上的序数词，其中十位数或百位数、千位数等用基数词，只有个位数才用序数词。如： 128th: one hundredand twenty-eighth 752nd: sevenhundred and fifty-second

(2)hundred, thousand, million的序数词均在基数词后加-th构成，hundredth, thousandth,millionth

三、数词的应用

（一）倍数表示法

1. 一倍用once两倍用twice或double。

例如：This year we have produced twice as much corn as wedid last year.

我们今年生产的玉米是去年的两倍。

She is double my age. 她的年龄是我的两倍。

2. 三倍或三倍以上用数词+times，可以译为"是......的几倍"；"比......大/高/长......几倍"等等。

① 用"主语+谓语+...times + the size(或amount, length...)+ of +被比较对象"表示。例如：The size of your room is five times the size of mine.

你房间的面积是我房间面积的五倍。

② 用"主语+谓语+...times + 形容词（副词）的比较级+ than +被比较对象"表示。例如：Yourbag is twice bigger than mine. 你的包比我的大两倍。

③ 用"主语+谓语+...times + 形容词+ (n.) +as + 被比较对象"表示。

例如：Your book is three times as thick as mine. 你的书比我的书厚三倍。

（二）分数表示法

(1)分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：

one-fourth(a quarter)四分之一，two-fifths五分之二

(2)分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子、分母都用基数词。如：

one in ten十分之一，four in five五分之四

(3)分子与分母之间加out of, 分子在前，分母在后，分子、分母都用基数词，如：

one out of ten十分之一，four out of five五分之四

（三）小数表示法

小数的表示法，小数点前的部分同其他数词一样，小数点用point, 小数点后面的数都把它读成个位数，如：

21. 25表示为twenty-one point twofive 136. 45表示为one hundred andthirty-six point four five

（四）百分数表示法

表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面。如：

twenty percent百分之二十 seventy-five percent百分之七十五

特别提示

分数和百分数后面不能直接跟名词或代词，而应是“分数或百分数 + of + 冠词或限定词 + 名词或代词”，其谓语动词与of后面的名词在人称和数上保持一致。如：

Two-fifths of the money was spenton books. 五分之二的钱用在买书上。

（五）时刻表示法

1. 表示整点 用基数词加o'clock构成，o'clock也可省略，介词用at.

8: 00读作：eight o'clock （或eight）

2. 表示“几点过几分” 用past, 但分数必须在半小时以内（包括半小时）。

8: 05读作：five past eight （或eight five或eight o five）

8: 15读作：fifteen past eight （或a quarter past eight或eight fifteen）

8: 30读作：half past eight （或eight thirty）

3. 表示“几点差几分” 用介词to, 但分数必须在半小时以上（不包括半小时）

8: 40读作：twenty to nine（或eight forty）

8: 45读作：fifteen to nine（或a quarter to nine或eight forty-five）

8: 55读作：five to nine（或eight fifty-five）

（六）编号表示法

1. 基数词和序数词可以表示事物的编号。着重编号，用“名词 + 基数词”；着重顺序，用“序数词 + 名词”。如：

Lesson One = the firstlesson第一课 Chapter Four = the fourth chapter第四章

2. 电话号码读法。如： Tel. No. 797-7936或Telephone number

797-7936读作：Telephone number sevennine seven seven nine three six

3. 其他号码读法。如： Room 111 111房间（读作：room one one one）

Bus (No. ) 102 102路车（读作：bus (number） one o two)

page 176第176页（读作：page one hundred andseventy-six或page one seventy-six或page one seven six）

（七）基数词可以表示算式。

①加法“加”用plus,and或add表示；“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示.

1+2=3 One plus two is three.

One and two is equal to three.

One added to two equals three.

②减法“减“用minus或take from表示。

9-3=6

Nine minus three is six.

Take three from nine and the remainder is six.

Three(taken) from nine is six.

③乘法“乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示。

2×3=6

Two times three is/are six.

Multiply two by three,we get six.

Two multiplied three makes six.

④除法“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示；

15÷3=5

Fifteen divided by three is five.

Unit3

◆ 知识探究

Step oneGetting ready & Reading

课文讲解

1Listen to a woman making a phone order.听一位女士电话购物。

Order n.订货；订购。make an order 订购。如：

Please make an order for a new sofaand a tea table.请订购一个新沙发和茶几。

回顾：order 还可表示“命令”的意思。如：

This is an order! 这是命令!

2 Learn how to comparethings by using the comparativeof adjectives.学习如何用形容词的比较级来对比事物。

Compare v.比较；对比。Compare…with… 把···与···相比。如：

Compare this picture with thatone and see which is better.

把这幅画和那幅画相比，看看哪幅更好。

3We use the computer for typing.我们用电脑来打字。

Typev.打字。如：

I’llask Miss white to type the letter. 我会让怀特小姐把这封信打出来。

Type还可作名词，表示“种类；类型”的意思。如：

Atype of 一种

4 Computers maywork as doctors. 电脑可以当医生。

Work as 从事···工作。如：

My brother works as anengineer.我哥哥是工程师。

5You may be unaware ofthem. 你可能没意识到这些。

Be unawareof 没意识到；未察觉。如：

He was unaware of thetruth. 他没意识到真想。

拓展：be aware of 意识到；察觉到

6 You depend on computers more than you realize. 你依赖电脑的程度比你知道的更多。

Depend on 依靠。如：

Children depend on theirparents.孩子依靠父母。

7They can calculate at a faster speedthan we can and almost never give wrong answers. 它们的计算得比我们快，而且几乎从不出错。

Speed n. 速度。如：

At a fast / full speed 快速/ 全速

At a speed of 120 kilometers per hour 以每小时120公里的速度

8 In addition,computers can do important jobs like operatingrailways and flying planes and spaceships.此外，电脑可以做很重要的工作，如铁路系统的控制、飞机飞船的操作。

In addition 除···以外（还）。如：

He does well in all hissubjects.In addition,he is good at playing sports.

他各门功课都很出色。此外，他还擅长各项运动。

9. However, one day computers may beable to do a better job than human beings.

Be able to 意为“能，能够”，后接动词原形。

Tom isn’t able to come because he is ill.

辨析be able to与can

　　be able to

　　表示有能力，往往是经过努力而获得的能力

　　有人称和数的变化

　　可用于多种时态

　　can

　　表示身体或精神上自身具备的能力，还可以表示请求、允许、推测

　　没有人称和数的变化

　　只有一般现在时和一般过去时的两种时态

10. Some young people always need helpfrom their parents.

Need作实义动词讲，意为需要

Need to do sth “需要做某事”，主语通常是人

We need to tell him the truth.

Need doing sth “需要做某事”，主语通常是物

The flowers need watering.

Need作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要用于否定句或疑问句中。

11. We had fun and learnt something newas well.

Have fun意为“玩得开心，过得愉快”，相当于have agood/great/wonderful time或enjoy oneself,此处fun是不可数名词，意为“玩笑，娱乐，乐趣”

The children are having fun playing in the park.

As well意为“也”。通常放句末，相当于too.

I can speak Chinese and I can speak English as well.

12. ...but it works at a much fasterspeed than my old one.

At介词，意为“（速度）以...”。

At a speed of以...的速度at high/low speed以高速/低速

At top/full speed以全速

Much faster意为“快得多”。“much+形容词/副词的比较级”意为“......得多”

I’m much taller than you.

常见的用于修饰比较级的单词或短语有much, even, a little, a bit等。

Step two-Listening 讲解

Price each单价

Price名词，意为“价钱价格”。询问价格用“What’s the price of...?”，相当于“How much is/are...?”。

1）表示价格高用“high”,表示价格低用“low”。

The price of the book is very high.

2）expensive “昂贵的，花钱多的”，表示物品“贵”；表示物品“贱”用cheap（廉价的，便宜的）。它们的主语必须是货物、物品本身。

This watch is expensive.

Step three-Speaking ＆Writing

1What do you think of computers?

What do youthink of….= How do you like……? 你觉得…..怎么样？

-What do youthink of your trip?

-Great! Wehave a good time!

2 How often do you use the computer?

How often “多久一次” 回答的时候用频度副词always，often……或者频度副词短语once/twice a week.

-How often dothey play ping-pong?

-Once a week.

【辨析】

How often 多久一次，指频率

How long 多长时间，用for或者是since回答- How long did you stay here?

-For three days

How soon 还要多长时间才，多用于将来时，- How soon will they come back?

用in+一段时间回答-In two days.

3 How much time do you spend playing computer gamesevery week?

How much 多少，提问不可数名词的数量，还可以询问价钱。

How much moneydo you have?

How much wateris there in the glass?

【辨析】

Spend 主语是人spend on sth./spend …in doing sth.

Pay 主语是人pay for sth./ pay sb. for sth.

Take 主语是it It takes sb. some time to do sth.

Cost 主语是物sth. costs sb. some money

4 popular 流行的，受欢迎的。可以做定语或者是表语。做定语时，在口语中缩写为pop.

Bepopular with 受到…..的欢迎

Ice cream ispopular with children.

5 However, we have another model--- the C 4095

Another 另外的，又一。在此处做形容词，也可以做代词。通常用于三者或者是三者以上以及不确定中的另一个.‘the other’指的是两者中的另一个。

Let’s findanother way to work out the problem.

Here are tworules. One is short, and the other is short.

6 Look forward to your replay.

Look forwardto……希望，盼望其中to 是介词，后面跟动词的ing形式。

I’m alwayslooking forward to buying a new car.

Step four-More Practice 讲解

1 The students playedcomputer games on the Internet all day Saturday without stopping to drink, eator sleep.

without 介词“没有，缺乏”. 后接名词，代词以及动名词，多作伴随状语

He left without a word.

Stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事。The girl start to cry.

Sop doing sth. 停止做某事The girl stopped crying.

2 I hope we can work together to stop students fromspending too much time playing computer games.

Stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

Let’s stop the children from playing near the lake.

单元语法——形容词副词

一般来说，中文意思是“……的”的词是形容词，而中文意思是“……地”的词是副词。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是小升初考试的重点之一。

一. 形容词:

1. 概述: 形容词是用以修饰名词或某些代词,表示人或事物的性质,特征或状态的. eg: This is a smallnoon.

多个形容词作定语一般遵循下面的规则:限(冠词, 物主代词, 指示代词, 数词等) 观(描述)形(大小, 形状等)龄(年龄, 新旧等)色(色彩)国(国籍, 出处等)

二. 副词: 表示行为特征或性状的词叫副词, 副词主要用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或其他结构.

副词的基本特征

①副词是表示行为或状态特征的词，在句子中属于修饰性词类。

②大多数副词是用形容词加后缀－ly构成的。Eg: quickly slowly bravely

以-y结尾的形容词，现将y改成i，再加-ly。Eg: happy-----happily angry-----angrily

有些副词没有特殊词尾。Eg: late, often, here, quite, never,very

③有些副词与形容词形式相同。Eg: late, early, high, long, fast

④只有可以分成比较级的副词才能有比较级和最高级形式，eg: fast ,easily等。像only, really, here, there则不可能有比较级，因为它们是不可分级的。

一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的意义

英语中的形容词和副词，在句子里表示“比较……”、“最……”时，要用特别的形式，即：比较级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。

如：long longer longest

原级比较级最高级

1．The black pen is very long. 黑色的钢笔很长。

2．The blue pen is longer than the blackone. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。

3．The red pen is the longest of the three.红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。

二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

单音节词和少数双音节词（如以y结尾的词）以加词尾-er,-est 的方式构成，在加词尾时要注意：

类型

构成法

例词

　　一般单音节词

　　直接加词尾-er,-est

　　small, samller, smallest

　　以-e或-ee结尾的词

　　加-r, -st

　　large, larger, largest　　free, freer, freest

　　以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词

　　变y为i，再加词尾-er，-est

　　busy, busier, biggest　　heavy, heavier, heaviest

　　以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词

　　先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er, -est

　　big, bigger, biggest　　thin, thinner, thinnest

大部分双音节词和多音节词都在其前加more方式构成：

原级

比较级

最高级

　　important

　　more important

　　most important

　　difficult

　　more diffcult

　　most difficult

　　useful

　　more useful

　　most useful

注：有少数单音节的形容词，通常以加more, most 的方法构成比较级和最高级，

如：pleased, tired, fond, glad等。

三、形容词、副词比较级的用法

表示两者间的比较用比较级。其常见句式有：

1．“A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。

如：Thistree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。

注意：

① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。

②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。

如：Awatermelon is much bigger than an apple.

③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。

2．“become + 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级”是“变得越来越……”的意思，and连接同一个形容词的比较级。

如：Itbecomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。

注：表示“越来越……”时，若比较级是“原级+ er”构成的，则常用“比较级+ and + 比较级”形式；若比较级是“more + 原级”构成的，需用“more and more + 原级形式”。

如：Ourschool is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。

如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?

四、形容词、副词的最高级的用法

1.Spring is the best season of theyear. 春天是一年中最好的季节。

2. She is the youngest in the class.她是班里最年轻的。

句型：A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of（in）…表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围。

1. Tom is the happiest of us all.汤姆是我们当中最幸福的。

2.This park is the most beautiful of the three.这个花园是这三个中最漂亮的。

of…和in…的区别

1.“of+复数”表示“在……之中的”；“在……中”

ofthe four…… 在四个之中 of all（people）在所有的人之中 of all the boys在所有的男孩中 of us 在我们之中 of all things 在所有的事情当中

2.“in+范围、场所”译为“在……之中”；“在……之内”in the house 在家中 in China 在中国 in the world 在世界上 in our school 在我们学校 in my family 在我们家需注意的最高级用法 America is one of the mostimportant countries for China.对中国而言，美国是最重要的国家之—。 My father is the tallest in my family.在我家里，我父亲最高。

1.one of the +最高级，表示“是最……之一者”

Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.上海是中国最美丽的城市之—。

Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之—。

One of the most important languages is English最重要的语言之一是英语。

注意：1.one of the +最高级，后面要加上名词的复数，即为“one of the +最高级+复数名词”

2.“most+复数名词”、“most of the+复数名词）或most of+代词，表示“大多数，大部分的……”

Most of the boysare good.大多数的男孩是好样的。

Mostof（his books）them were written here.他的大部分书是在这儿写的。

3.最高级的表示方法 我们可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种方式来表达最高级，总结如下： 她是她们班最好的学生。

最高级：She is the best in herclass.

比较级：She is better than anyother student in her class.

No other student in herclass is better than she.

原级： No other student in herclass is as good as she.

比较which和what

在一定数目的范围内做选择时用which，从不定数中做选择时用what，但有时并没有区分得那么清楚。左下例句是询问三者以上，所以用which。

Which（Who）is +the +最高级？ 意指三个以上的事物或人当中“哪一个（人）最为～呢？”

Which is thebiggest of the five apples?

这五个苹果中哪一个最大？

The firstone（is）. 第一个。

Which is theheaviest, the horse, the sheep or the elephant?

马、羊和大象，哪一个最沉？

The elephant（is）.大象。

五、注意

形容词最高级前一定要有定冠词the，而副词最高级前则不需要。

eg：What animals run fastest?

They run fastest in the world.

Unit4

◆知识探究

Step oneGetting ready

1.Listen toadvertisementsfor four funnyinventions.

advertisement 可数名词“广告”

an advertisement advertisements 缩写为ads

eg.They will put an advertisement in the newspaper.

Thereare too many advertisement on the TV.

advertising 不可数名词“广告，广告业”，是广告的总称。

eg.Advertising is everywhere.

advertise动词，“做广告，登广告”可做及物或不及物动词。

eg.They advertised the new car.

He advertised for a new job.

funny形容词“有趣的”，在句中作定语或表语。

fun名词“乐趣”

eg.He told me a funny story.

Ithink the film is very funny.

Wehad a lot of fun at the party.

拓展：funny money 伪钞funny paper 连环漫画栏

funny car 腊肠型赛车funny farm 精神病院funny book 连环画刊

2.Write a short article about a new invention that youwill create.

create 及物动词“创造，创作” 指经过努力让事物从无到有或从粗糙到完美，对象可以是具体的或者抽象的。

eg. He created many famousplays.

He created the wonder.

拓展：create 作可数名词“创造物，作品”

作不可数名词“创造，创建”

creator可数名词“创作者”

creative 形容词“有创造力的”

eg.The creator created the creation. He is creative.

辨析：create 与make

create创造出原来不存在的东西make 通过工作制造出某种东西

eg.Who created the world.

He made the watch.

Step twoReading& listening

3 telephone

可数名词“电话，电话机”缩写形式phone

eg.I don’t have a telephone.

Tonyoften talks with me on the telephone.

动词“打电话”

eg. I telephone my grandma every week.

拓展：“给某人打电话”表达

telephone/phone sb / call sb (up)/ give sb acall

make a telephone call to sb

eg. I oftentelephone/phone my parents on weekends.

Please call me (up) this evening.

Please give me a call when you get home.

My best friend often makes a telephone callto me.

4.They help people live a better life.

live 及物动词“过…的生活” live a …life

eg. live a good/rich/poorlife.

5.After its invention, traveling became faster andmore comfortable.

comfortable 形容词“舒适的，舒服的” 反义词uncomfortable

comfort 名词和动词“舒适，安慰”

comfortably 副词

eg. I like comfortablelife.

I feel uncomfortable now. I want to go home.

The new car becomes more comfortable.

6.In the early 19th century…

century 可数名词“世纪，百年” 一世纪指一百年，不指具体时间，只指时间段eg. He was born in the 20thcentury.

Two centuries later,people still remember him.

拓展：twentieth-century “20世纪的” 是一个序数词+名词构成的形容词，作定语。

“在第几世纪”必须用序数词，而且应在序数词前加定冠词the

eg. It was atwentieth-century invention.

in the 21st century

in the mid-19th century/in the middle of the19th century

7.Alexander Graham Bell invented one of the firstpractical telephones in 1876.

invent 及物动词“发明”

eg. Do you know whoinvented computer?

He invented a green car.

辨析invent 与discover

invent “发明”指客观上没有，发明以前未曾有过的东西，如新工具，新方法

discover “发现” 指发现客观上已经存在，但不为人知的事物

eg. Gilbert discoveredelectricity, but Edison invented the electric light bulb.

8.Since then, people have been able to speak to eachother over long distances.

distance 可用作可数名词和不可数名词“距离”

eg. Keep a safe distancebetween cars.

What is the distance from here to yourschool?

拓展：与distance 相关的表达

at a distance 隔一段距离in the distance 在远处

from a distance 从远处out of distance（from）离…太远，达不到

9.They allow people to keep in touch with each otheranytime, anywhere.

allow及物动词，“允许”allow sb to do sth “允许某人做某事” 动词不定式作宾语补足语。eg. My parents don’t allowme to go out at night.

Do you allow us to watchTV?

拓展：allow doing sth 允许做某事/ be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事

eg. He doesn’t allowsmoking here.

Passages are not allowed to smoke.

keep in touch (withsb) “与…保持联系” = stay in touch (with sb)

eg. We should keep intouch with each other.

We’ll always keep/stay in touch.

10.Thomas Edison developed the first practical lightbulb in 1879.

develop 及物动词“开发，研制”

eg. We need todevelop solar energy.

They aredeveloping a new car.

拓展：develop 还可用作不及物动词，“发展”

developed形容词“发达的”developing 形容词“发展中的”

development 名词“发展，开发”

eg.Everything develops.

The USis a developed country, India and China are developing countries.

11.With light bulb, people can do as many things inthe evenings as they can in the daytime.

daytime 不可数名词，意为“白天，日间” in the daytime 在白天

Tigers andfoxes often sleep in the daytime.

He works in the daytimeand helps me with my housework in the evening.

12.the new cars made loud noises and frightened them.

make noises “发出噪音，弄出声音” make （a）noise

Don’t make noises. Yourfather is sleeping.

辨析noise, voice 与sound

　　noise

　　噪音，喧闹声

　　指吵闹、喧哗声，往往是不和谐、不悦耳的声音

　　voice

　　噪音

　　尤指人或动物特有的声音，如说话声、歌声、笑声等

　　sound

　　声音

　　泛指自然界中的一切声音

He always makes loudnoises.

She often talks in a lowvoice.

Light travels faster thansound.

13.I suppose that people could only drive inthe(4)daytime because those cars didn’t have lights.

suppose及物动词“认为，猜想，想象” 后接从句作宾语，常和“suppose+sb+（+to be）+形容词/名词”结构作同义句转换。suppose，think，believe等后跟宾语从句时，主句的主语是第一人称时，若变为否定句，必须否定前移，即把否定句转移到主句上来。

Do yousuppose… Yes, I suppose so / No, I suppose not 或No, I don’t suppose so.

eg. I don’tsuppose he is thirty.

- Do yousuppose it is going to rain?

-Yes, Isuppose so / No, I suppose not 或No, I don’t suppose so.

拓展：

be supposed to do “被要求做某事，应该做某事，被期望做某事”

相当于should do sth

eg. Teachers are supposedto know a lot.

Step three-Listening 讲解

1.keep the dust off yourshoes

keep…off “使…不接近（或不接触，远离）”

eg. Keep it offthe shoes.

She wearssunglasses to keep the sun off.

dust 不可数名词，“灰尘，尘土”

throw dust in one’s eyes

dustbin duststorm

2. can look behind and infront of you at the same time.

at the same time “同时” 其中same为形容词，在使用前一定要加定冠词the。

eg. They arrived at schoolat the same time yesterday morning.

You must hand in your papers at the sametime.

Step four-Speaking ＆Writing

1.We make our voice rise at the end.

辨析rise 与raise

　　rise

　　不及物动词

　　指自然地上升；表示（太阳、价格等）上升、（河水）上涨、起立、起床

　　raise

　　及物动词

　　指人为地增加、上涨、升上去等；表示举手、升国旗、饲养抚育等意思

eg. The moon above themountains.

Before youanswer the question, you should your hand.

2. What do youuse it for?

辨析what for 与why

　　what...for

　　侧重于问目的，一般不用because回答

　　——What do you want a basket for?　　——I want to buy some apples.

　　why

　　侧重于询问原因，一般要用because回答

　　——Why were you late for school?　　——Because I missed the early bus.

3. What isspecial about it?

special 形容词，“特别的，特殊的”

辨析special 与specially

　　special

　　形容词

　　表示“特殊的，特别的”反义词是ordinary，强调事物特有的性质或专门的目的、用途

　　There is something special you can do in the park.

　　specially

　　副词

　　表示“特别的，尤其”

　　I came here specially to see you.

4. If you shout “fly”, the car will turn into a planein 30second.

turn into “变成，成为”

eg. The sofaturns into a bed.

The robot turns into ahuge spider soon.

拓展：turn away 把…打发走turn on 打开

turnoff 关上turn up 调大

turn down 调小turn over 翻身

Step five-More Practice 讲解

1 itsometimes made a mess on the paper.

辨析sometimes, some times, sometime, some time

　　sometimes

　　频度副词

　　有时

　　表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首句中或句末。对它提问常用how often

　　some times

　　名词短语

　　几次；几倍

　　time 是不可数名词，对它提问常用how many times

　　sometime

　　副词

　　某时

　　表示某个不确切的时间，常与将来时或过去时连用。对它提问常用when

　　some time

　　名词短语

　　一段时间

　　句中谓语动词常为延续性动词。对它提问用how long

口诀：分开为“一段”（some time），相连是“某时”（sometime）。

分开s是“倍，次”（some times），相连s是“有时”（sometimes）

eg.Sometimes she has lunch at school.

I’ve been to the museum some times.

I’ll visit Daming sometime thissummer vacation.

She has lived here for some time.

2. Zhuge Liang used such lanterns to givesignals in battles.

辨析such 与so

such

　　形容词，修饰名词

　　such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数

　　such+形容词+不可数名词

　　such+形容词+复数名词

　　so

　　副词，修饰形容词或副词

　　so+形容词/副词

　　so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数

　　so+many/few/much/little+可数名词复数/不可数名词

拓展：1.such与so接单数可数名词时，意思相同

such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数

She is =she is她是一个如此好的女孩。

2.名词被many,much, few, little 修饰时，需用so

There are many visitors in our school today.

口诀：名前such,形副so, 多多少少也用so

little属特殊，“小”用such“少”用so

3. The kongming Lantern led to the invention of the hot-air ballon.

lead to 意为“导致，引起，通向” 后跟名词或代词，过去式为led。

All roads lead to Rome.

Eating too much junk food can lead tosome health problems.

拓展：lead sb todo sth “带领某人做某事”

eg. He led us to finish the work

lead a …life “过…生活”

eg. Every day I lead a busy life.

单元语法——形容词与副词同级比较

1. 两者相比（甲=乙）用“as +形容词/副词原级+ as”表示。如：

My English is as good asmy brother’s.我的英语和我弟弟一样好。

Dick can type as fast ashis uncle.迪克打字和他叔叔一样快。

2. 两者相比（甲≠乙）用“as / so +形容词/副词原级+ as”表示。如：

Mary is not as / so tallas her sister.玛丽不比她姐姐高。

The girl in red didn’tmake the model plane as / so well as you.

穿红衣服的那个女孩没有你做的模型飞机好。

3. 成倍优势的比较问题。

（1）“倍数+ as … as”。如：

Our school is three timesas large as theirs.我们学校是他们学校面积的3倍。

This lift runs twice asfast as that one.这个电梯是那个电梯速度的2倍。

（2）“倍数+ the size / length /width / height / depth … of”。如：

Our school is three timesthe size of theirs.我们学校的面积是他们学校的3倍。

The new road is four timesthe width of the old one.

这条新路的宽度为那条老路的4倍。

以上结构可以转化为“净倍数+比较级+ than”，表达同样的意思。试比较：

Our school is two timeslarger than theirs.我们学校比他们学校大2倍。

The new road is threetimes wider than the old one.这条新路比那条老路宽3倍。

因此，在这种情况下使用比较时，要特别注意倍数的数量问题，要特别注意倍数的数量问题，要剔除基准数。换言之，在“倍数+ as … as”中的倍数为n，在“净倍数+比较级+ than”中，净倍数应为n-1。

4. 名词置于as … as之间的特点。在该结构中，所用的名词一般是可数名词，且常需不定冠词分隔形容词和名词。如：

as good a teacher as myfather 父亲般的好老师

as experienced an engineeras Dick’s brother 像迪克弟弟一样有经验的工程师

5. as … as结构引导从句，所接代词格的选择。在口语中，一般常用宾语。如：

You can’t expect to typeas fast as me (= as I do).你不能指望和我打字一样快。

She is not as clever asDick (= as he is).她不像迪克那样聪明。

在容易引起歧义的情况下，需合理选用所属格。试比较：

You hate him as much as me( = you hate me).你讨厌他就像讨厌我一样。

You hate him as much as I(= I hate him).你像我一样讨厌他。

由此可见，不同属格，意义迥异。

注意：

1．在表示“和……一样……”时可用“as……as”结构(前面的as后要用原级)：

He is as busy as ever．他还是和以前一样忙。

We’11 give you as much help as we can．我们将尽量帮助你。

His hands are as cold as ice．他的手冰冷。

The airport was as crowded as ever．机场还像平常那样拥挤。

2．在表示“不像……那样……”时可用“notas(so)……as”：

It is not as cold as in Geneva．这里不像日内瓦那样冷。

Jack isn’t as(so)old as he looks．杰克不像他看起米那么老。

I in not so(as) experienced as you think．我不像你想的那样有经验。

She is not so talkative as before．她不像以前那样爱说话了。

3．这种结构中也可包含一个状语：

The whale was twice as long as her boat．那条鲸鱼有她的船两倍长。

My command of English is not half so good as yours．

我英文掌握得还不及你一半好。

Their horse is about three times as big as ours．他们的房子有我们房子三倍大。

We’ve produced ten times as much cotton this year as we did twenty years ago．

我们今年生产的棉花是20年前的十倍。

4．在这类结构前还可以加almost，just，nearly或quite这些副词：

He was almost as diligent as his sister．他几乎像他姐姐一样勤奋。

Mary was just as busy as before．玛丽还是像以前那样忙。

She was nearly as tall as her mother．她几乎像她妈一般高了。

The hotel was not quite as good as they had expected．

那家旅馆完全不像他们预料的那样好。

5．as……as还可用在许多固定说法中：

as brave as a lion as bright as day

as busy as a bee as cheerful as a lark．

as clear as crystal as cunning as a fox

as fat as a pig as gentle as a lamb

as vain as a peacock as tough as leather

as black as pitch as soft as velvet

as stubborn as a mule as easy as ABC

as sharp as a needle as strong as a horse

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